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Hurricane Fox (1952)
Hurricane Fox was the strongest and deadliest tropical cyclone of the below average 1952 Atlantic hurricane season. The seventh tropical storm, sixth Atlantic hurricane, and the third major hurricane of the season, Fox was a small and intense Caribbean storm that developed northwest of Cartagena, Colombia, in the southern Caribbean Sea. It moved steadily northwest, intensifying to a tropical storm on October 21. The next day, it rapidly strengthened into a hurricane and turned north. The cyclone attained peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) as it struck Cayo Guano del Este off the coast of Cienfuegos. Fox made landfall on Cuba at maximum intensity, producing peak gusts of 170–180 mph (275–290 km/h). It weakened over land, but it re-strengthened as it turned east over the Bahamas. On October 26, it weakened and took an erratic path, dissipating west-southwest of Bermuda on October 28.
Hurricane Fox was the second most intense hurricane to strike Cuba until Hurricane Michelle in the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season. It was originally believed to have been the second Category 4 hurricane in Cuba prior to the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis. At the time, the cyclone produced the fourth lowest pressure in a landfalling Cuban hurricane; only the 1917, 1924, and 1932 hurricanes were more intense. Hurricane Fox killed at least 40 people across the island, causing severe crop damages in rural areas. The hurricane also ruined 30 percent of the tomato crops on Eleuthera in the Bahamas. Across the archipelago, Fox produced wind gusts in excess of 110 mph (175 km/h). Total damages reached $10 million in Cuba. Fox was the second hurricane to hit land during the season, after Hurricane Able struck South Carolina.〔
==Meteorological history==
On October 20, a tropical depression formed in the Caribbean Sea, 170 miles (270 km) northwest of Cartagena, Colombia. Fox is believed to have developed from a low pressure area in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, though it was not operationally detected until October 21. The system steadily advanced northwest and it gradually intensified. On October 21, a reconnaissance mission flew into the system, reporting sustained winds in excess of 40 mph (65 km/h).〔 〕 At the time, the system is estimated to have strengthened to Tropical Storm Fox.〔 The cyclone continued to deepen, and it reached the equivalent of a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, 120 miles (200 km) southeast of the Swan Islands, Honduras.〔 The hurricane rapidly intensified and turned north on October 23, strengthening to attain winds which correspond to a modern-day major hurricane, a storm of Category 3 status or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Late on October 24, the cyclone struck the small island of Cayo Guano del Estes in the Archipelago de los Canarreos, south of Cienfuegos.〔 Maximum sustained winds were near 150 mph (240 km/h),〔 and the island's weather station recorded a minimum pressure of 934 mbar (27.59 inHg).〔 The cyclone crossed the mainland coast of Cuba west of Cienfuegos,〔 and it weakened as it crossed the island.〔
Early on October 25, Hurricane Fox entered the Atlantic Ocean.〔 It crossed central Andros and turned east across the Bahamas.〔 On October 26, the hurricane briefly re-intensified〔 as it crossed Cat Island.〔 〕 The center became ill-defined,〔 and the cyclone quickly weakened.〔 It turned north and then took an erratic northeast turn as it weakened to a tropical storm on October 27.〔 The system gained extratropical characteristics as it merged with a polar frontal boundary,〔 and it dissipated west-southwest of Bermuda on October 28.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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